Kurongeka Dhizaini yeFenicha Yekugadzira Mutsetse une Formal Methods

KUTANGA

Iri bepa rinoedza kushandiswa kweakasiyana heuristic nzira kune chaiyo dhizaini dhizaini dambudziko kukambani inogadzira fenicha. Ese mamodheru anofananidzwa uchishandisa AHP, uko akati wandei ma paramita ekufarira anoshandiswa. Kuedza kwacho kunoratidza kuti nzira dzakarongwa dzekuenzanisira dzinogona kushandiswa zvinobudirira matambudziko chaiwo anotarisana nawo muindasitiri, zvichikonzera kuvandudzwa kukuru.

1. NHANGANYAYA

Indasitiri yefenicha iri kusangana nenguva yemakwikwi sevamwe vazhinji, nekudaro tichiedza nesimba kutsvaga nzira dzekudzikisa mutengo wekugadzira, kuvandudza mhando nezvimwe. Sechikamu chechirongwa chekuvandudza goho mune imwe kambani inogadzira inodaidzwa kuti (The Company = TC) takaita chirongwa chekugadzirisa dhizaini yekugadzira mutsara wekugadzira pauriri hwechitoro chekambani iyi tichivavarira kukunda matambudziko aripo anokonzerwa nekusashanda zvakanaka. Zvakasarudzwa kuti zvishandise nzira dzinoverengeka dzekuenzanisira kuti dziunze hurongwa hwepedyo hwakakwana hunoenderana nemitoo yakarongeka isinganyanyi kushandiswa mukuita. Maitiro ekuenzanisira anoshandiswa iGrafu Theory, Bloc Plan, CRAFT, Optimum Sequence uye Genetic Algorithm. Aya marongero akazoongororwa nekuenzaniswa pachishandiswa nzira nhatu dzinoti Total Area, Flow * Dist uye Adjacency Percentage. Nzvimbo Yese inoreva nzvimbo inogarwa nemutsara wekugadzira wemhando yega yega yakagadzirwa. Kuyerera * Dist inoverenga huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvekuyerera uye chinhambwe chiri pakati pezvivakwa zviviri. Adjacency Percentage inoverengera chikamu chezvivakwa zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuve pedyo.

Kusarudzwa kwemarongerwo akanakisa kwakaitwawo zviri pamutemo uchishandisamulti-criteriakuita sarudzo nzira AHP (Satty, 1980) uchishandisa Nyanzvi Choice software. Marongerwo akanakisa akaenzaniswa nemagadzirirwo aripo kuratidza kuvandudzwa kunowanikwa nenzira dzepamutemo dzekugadzira marongerwo.

Tsanangudzo yedambudziko rekurongeka kwechirimwa ndeyekutsvaga kurongeka kwakanakisa kwezvivakwa zvemuviri kuti zvipe kushanda kwakanaka (Hassan naHogg, 1991). Iyo marongerwo inokanganisa mutengo wekubata zvinhu, kutungamirira nguva uye throughput. Izvi zvinokanganisa kugadzirwa kwese uye kugona kwechirimwa. Sekureva kwaTompkins naWhite (1984) dhizaini yezvivakwa yanga yakatenderedza munhoroondo yakanyorwa uye zvechokwadi zvivakwa zvedhorobha zvakagadzirirwa uye kuvakwa zvinotsanangurwa mukare.

* Munyori Anowirirana

nhoroondo yeGreece neUmambo hweRoma. Pakati pevaya vekutanga vakadzidza dambudziko iri ndiArmour naBuffa nevamwe (1964). Zvinoita sekuti zvishoma zvakaburitswa muma1950. Francis naWhite (1974) ndivo vekutanga vakaunganidza nekugadzirisa tsvakurudzo yekutanga panyaya iyi. Tsvagiridzo yakazotevera yakagadziridzwa nezvidzidzo zviviri, yekutanga naDomschke naDrexl (1985) uye imwe naFrancis nevamwe (1992). Hassan naHogg (1991) vakashuma ongororo yakakura pamusoro perudzi rwedata rinodiwa mudambudziko remagadzirirwo emuchina. Data remagadzirirwo emuchina rinotariswa muhurongwa; zvichienderana nekuti magadzirirwo acho akagadzirwa zvakadii. Kana magadzirirwo anodiwa ari ekuwana magadzirirwo emuchina chete, data rinomiririra nhamba yemuchina uye hukama hwavo hwekufamba zvakanaka zvakakwana. Zvisinei, kana magadzirirwo akadzama achidikanwa, data rakawanda rinodiwa. Mukutsvaga data mamwe matambudziko anogona kumuka kunyanya munzvimbo itsva dzekugadzira uko data risati rawanikwa. Kana marongero acho akagadzirwa ezvivakwa zvemazuva ano uye zvinozvishandira, data rinodiwa harigone kuwanikwa kubva kudata rekare kana kubva kuzvivakwa zvakafanana sezvo zvingasavepo. Kuenzanisa kwemasvomhu kwakaratidzwa senzira yekuwana mhinduro yakakwana yedambudziko remarongero ezvivakwa. Kubva pamuenzaniso wekutanga wemasvomhu wakagadzirwa naKoopmans naBeckmann (1957) sedambudziko rekugovera zvinhu zvina, kufarira nzvimbo iyi kwakakwezva kukura kukuru. Izvi zvakavhura munda mutsva uye unonakidza kumuongorori. Mukutsvaga mhinduro yedambudziko remarongero ezvivakwa, vaongorori vakatanga kugadzira mamodheru emasvomhu. Houshyar naWhite (1993) vakatarisa dambudziko remarongero seinteger-programmingmodhi apo Rosenblatt (1986) akagadzira dambudziko remagadzirirwo seane simba rekuronga modhi. Palekar et al. (1992) vanobata nekusaziva uye Shang (1993) anoshandisa amulti-criteriakusvika. Nekune rimwe divi, Leung (1992) akapa dzidziso yekuumbwa kwegirafu.

Green uyeAl-Hakim(1985) akashandisa GA kuwana chikamu chemhuri pamwe nekurongeka pakati pemasero. Mukugadzira kwake, akaganhurira kurongeka kwesero semutsetse mutsetse mumwe kana mutsara wakapetwa kaviri. Iyo yakagadziridzwa algorithm yakawedzera kune maseru system marongero, kana marongero epasi rekugadzira, pane kusero dhizaini, kana dhizaini yemuchina. Kurongeka chaiko kwemichina mukati memasero hakuna kutariswa. Banerjee naZhou (1995) vakagadzira dambudziko rekugadzirisa zvivakwa zveasingle-loopmarongerwo uchishandisa genetic algorithms. Iyo yakagadziridzwa algorithm ndeyeiyo maseru masisitimu marongero uye nekudaro haatarise marongero emuchina mukati mesero. Fu naKaku (1997) vakaratidza dambudziko rekugadzirisa chirimwa chegadziriro yekugadzira chitoro chebasa uko chinangwa chiri chekudzikisa avhareji Basa muKushanda. Ivo vakafananidza chirimwa senge yakavhurika queuing network pasi peseti yefungidziro. Dambudziko rinodzikira kuQueuing Assignment Problem (QAP). Simulation yakashandiswa kuderedza avhareji yeMabatiro eKubata mari uye kuderedza Avhareji Yebasa muMaitiro.

2. NZIRA DZEMODZO

Models dzakakamurwa zvichienderana nehunhu hwavo, fungidziro uye zvinangwa. Iyo yekutanga generic Yakarongeka Kuronga Kuronga maitiro, yakagadziridzwa naMuthor (1), ichiri chirongwa chinobatsira kunyanya kana ichitsigirwa nedzimwe nzira uye ichibatsirwa nekombuta. Nzira dzekuvaka, Hassan naHogg (1955) semuenzaniso, vanovaka dhizaini kubva pakatanga apo Improvement Methods, Bozer, Meller naErlebacher (1991) semuenzaniso, edza kugadzirisa dhizaini iripo kuti ive nani. Kugadzirisa nzira uye zvakare heuristics yekumisikidza yakanyatso kunyorwa naHeragu (1994).De-AlvarenganaGomes (2000) vanokurukura ameta-heuristicnzira senzira yekukunda iyo NP- yakaoma hunhu hwemhando dzakanakisa.

Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuenzanisira dzinoshandiswa mubasa iri iGrafu Theory, CRAFT, Optimum Sequence, BLOCPLAN uye Genetic Algorithm. Inotsanangurwa pazasi maparamita anodiwa nealgorithm yega yega kuitira kuti ienzanise zvakafanana.

Girafu Dzidziso

Graph theory (Foulds naRobinson, 1976; Giffin et al., 1984; Kim naKim, 1985; uye Leung, 1992) inoshandisamuganhu-huremumaximal planar graph umo ma vertices (V) anomiririra zvivakwa nemacheto (E) anomiririra adjacencies uye Kn inoreva girafu rakazara re n Vertices. Tichipihwa huremu girafu G, dambudziko rekugadzirisa nzvimbo nderekutsvaga huremu hwepamusorosub-graphG' yeG iyo yakarongwa.

Iri bepa rinoshandisa 2 marudzi akasiyana emaitiro kuenzanisira nyaya yechidzidzo. Nzira yekutanga ndeyeDelta-hedronnzira naFulds naRobinson (1976). Nzira yacho inosanganisira kuiswa kwakapfava neK4 yekutanga, uye vertices inozoiswa imwe neimwe zvichienderana nerubatsiro. Iyo yechipiri nzira inoshandiswa ndeye vhiri rekuwedzera algorithm (Green uyeAl-Hakim,1985). Pano K4 yekutanga inowanikwa nekusarudza mupendero une w8 yepamusoro uye wozoisa 2 inoteedzana vertex yekuisa zvinoenderana nemabhenefiti. Iyo algorithm inobva yaenderera mberi nekuita yekuisa, inonzi vhiri rekuwedzera maitiro. Gumbo riri pa n vertices rinotsanangurwa se cycle on(n-1)vertices (inonzi rim), zvekuti imwe neimwe vertex iri padyo neimwe vertex yekuwedzera (inonzi hub). Regai W rive vhiri rine hub x. Sarudza 2 vertices k na l, ari marimu ekutenderera uku. Vertexy kubva paseti yezvisina kushandiswa vertices inozopinzwa pavhiri iri muchikamu chazvinosub-graphzvekuti y imhata yevhiri idzva W ′ ine k, l na x semarimu aro, uye marimu ese muW ave pedyo nevertex x kana vertex y. Nekuisa imwe neimwe vertex isina kushandiswa zvakatevedzana mufashoni iri pamusoro, iyo yekupedzisira maximal planar sub graph inowanikwa.

Kushandisa CRAFT

CRAFT (Computerized Relative Allocation of Facilities Technique) inoshandisa mbiri yakangwara kuchinjanisa kugadzira marongerwo (Buffa et al., 1964; Hicks naLowan, 1976). CRAFT haitarise zvese zvinokwanisika kuchinjanisa mbiri isati yagadzira marongerwo akavandudzwa. Iyo data yekupinda inosanganisira zviyero zvechivako uye zvivakwa, kuyerera kwezvinhu kana kuwanda kwenzendo pakati pezvivakwa zviviri uye mutengo pamutengo weyuniti pachiyero cheyuniti. Chigadzirwa chekuyerera (f) uye chinhambwe (d) chinopa mutengo wekufambisa zvinhu pakati pezvivakwa zviviri. Kudzikiswa kwemutengo kunozoverengerwa zvichibva pane pre and post exchange material kubata mutengo mupiro.

Optimum Sequence

Iyo nzira yemhinduro inotanga neyakateedzana sequential marongero uye inoedza kuivandudza nekuchinja 2 madhipatimendi mukutevedzana (Heragu, 1997). Panhanho imwe neimwe, iyo nzira inoverengera kuyerera * chinhambwe shanduko kune ese anobvira switch emadhipatimendi maviri uye inosarudza iyo inonyanya kushanda peya. Iwo madhipatimendi maviri anochinjirwa uye nzira inodzokororwa. Iyo nzira inomira kana pasina shanduko inokonzeresa mutengo wakaderedzwa. Iko kupinza kunodiwa kugadzira dhizaini uchishandisa Optimum Sequence inonyanya kuyerwa kwechivako uye zvivakwa, kuyerera kwezvinhu kana kuwanda kwenzendo pakati pezvivakwa peya uye mutengo pachiyero cheyuniti pachiyero cheyuniti.

Kushandisa BLOCPLAN

BLOCPLAN chirongwa chinodyidzana chinoshandiswa kugadzira nekuvandudza ese ari maviri uye akawanda storey dhizaini (Green uye Al-Hakim,1985). Icho chirongwa chakareruka chinoburitsa yakanaka yekutanga marongero nekuda kwekuchinjika kwayo kwakavakirwa pane akati wandei akamisikidzwa sarudzo. Inoshandisa zvese zvehuwandu uye zvemhando data ku

gadzira akati wandei block marongero uye chiyero chavo chekusimba. Mushandisi anogona kusarudza zvigadziriso zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.

Genetic algorithm

Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekugadzira zvivako Matambudziko ekugadzirisa kuburikidza nemajini algorithms(GA) .Banerjee, Zhou, and Montreuil(1997) vakashandisa GA kune cell layout.. Slicing tree structure was 1st suggested by Otten (1982) senzira yekumiririra kirasi yezvirongwa. Nzira yacho yakazoshandiswa nevanyori vakawanda vanosanganisira Tam naChan (1995) vakaishandisa kugadzirisa dambudziko remarongerwo enzvimbo isina kuenzana nezvipingamupinyi zvejometri. Iyo GA algorithm inoshandiswa mubasa iri yakagadziridzwa naShayan naChittilappilli (2004) zvichibva pakutema zvimiro zvemiti (STC). Inoisa kodhi yemuti yakarongeka dhizaini mune yakakosha chimiro che 2 dimensional chromosomes iyo inoratidza inoenderana nzvimbo yenzvimbo yega yega mumuti wekucheka. Zvirongwa zvakakosha zviripo zvekushandisa chromosome muGA mashandiro (Tam naLi, 1991). Kushanda kutsva kwe "cloning" kwakaunzwawo muShayan uyeAl-Hakim(1999). Mhinduro yakasarudzwa kuburikidza neGA inozoshandurwa kuita slicing marongero. Inotanga neimwe yekutanga block ine zvese zvivakwa. Sezvo dhizaini yekuvaka algorithm ichifambira mberi, zvikamu zvitsva zvinogadzirwa uye zvivakwa zvinopihwa pakati pezvivharo zvichangogadzirwa, kusvika paine nzvimbo imwe chete mubhuroko rega rega. Zvichakadaro kurongeka kwenzvimbo imwe neimwe kunoverengerwawo. Rectilinear kureba pakati pemacentroids ezvivakwa inoshandiswa kuongorora kukwana kweiyo chromosome. Kana iyo GA inopera, maitiro ekudhirowa anotora pamusoro pekudhinda marongero uchishandisa akachengetwa maitiro ezvirongwa. Basa rechinangwa rine nguva yechirango yekudzivisa zvimedu zvakatetepa.

3. KUYEDZA NEKUDZIDZA MAKASI

Kuti uedze kuita kwemaitiro akatsanangurwa kare, ese akaiswa kune chaiyo kesi mamiriro mukugadzira fenicha. Iyo Kambani inogadzira 9 akasiyana masitaera eMacheya, 2- Zvigaro uye3-Seaterszvichiteerana. Kugadzirwa kweese masitayipi kunotevera imwechete seti yekushanda asi kunosanganisira zvakasiyana mbishi zvinhu. Zvikamu zvishanu zvinoti Seat cushions, Back cushions, Arms Seats uye Backs zvinogadzirwa mukati mune mabheti ehukuru hwakasiyana, munzvimbo dzakapararira (madhipatimendi). Kufamba kwezvikamu kunogadzira matambudziko akadai sebasa ririkuenderera mberi, zvikamu zvisipo, kushomeka, kutsvikinyidzana uye nekuiswa zvisirizvo.

Chigadzirwa chega chega chinoenda kuburikidza ne11 mashandiro ayo anotanga paNzvimbo 1 - Yekucheka Nzvimbo uye inopera paChinhu 11- Bolt kumusoro Nzvimbo. Imwe neimwe yegungano rekupedzisira inogona kukamurwa kuita subassemblies inodaidzwa zvakafanana. Aya ma subassemblies anosangana kuBolt-KumusoroNzvimbo yegungano rekupedzisira. Imwe neimwe ye subassemblies inotanga kushanda kwayo yakazvimiririra uye yese inopinda neyakagadzika seti yekushanda iyo inoratidzwa muchimiro chechati chegungano muFig 1. Zvishandiso zvekugadzirisa ikozvino hazvina kuiswa maererano nekutevedzana kwekushanda.

Nekuda kweizvi hapana kutevedzana kuyerera kwezvinhu, zvichipa kuti basa rifambe. Kudyidzana pakati pezvivakwa kunogona kutsanangurwa uchishandisa subjective pamwe chete nematanho echinangwa. Iko kupinza kukuru kunodiwa pakuyerera machati kudiwa, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinogadzirwa uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoyerera pakati pemuchina wega wega. Kuyerera kwezvinhu kunotarwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekuyerera kwezvinhu zvinofamba pamwedzi 10 * Chikamu chechiyero chinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2. Mufananidzo 3 unoratidza nzvimbo yedhipatimendi rimwe nerimwe rinoshandiswa munyaya yekuongorora. Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza marongerwo azvino eChidzidzo Chenyaya.

Mufananidzo 1 Gungano chati yenyaya yechidzidzo

Mufananidzo 2 Kuyerera kwezvinhu zvechidzidzo chenyaya.

Mufananidzo 3 Nhamba inoenderana nedhipatimendi

Mufananidzo 4 Kurongeka kwazvino kwekambani yefenicha uye zviyero zvedhipatimendi rega rega rinoshandiswa mukuenzanisira kwechidzidzo chenyaya.

4. KUSHANDISWA KWEMUFANANIDZO WEMUNHU

Pano nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuenzanisira dzakakurukurwa muchikamu chechipiri dzinoshandiswa kunyaya yekuongorora kuti ibudise mamwe marongerwo ekuenzanisa.

4.1 Kushandisa Graph Theory

Tafura 1 inoratidza kuenzanisa kwemhedzisiro uchishandisa nzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzeGraph Theory dzinoti nzira yeFulds naRobinsons uye nzira yeWheels neRims. Tafura 2 inoratidza zvakajeka kuti maFolds uye nzira yeRobinsons ndiyo iri nani yemigumisiro ye1. Migumisiro yeFulds uye Robinsons nzira inotsanangurwa zvakadzama muFigures5-7.

Tafura 1: Tafura inoratidza kuenzaniswa kwe2 nzira dzakasiyana dze graph theory inoshandiswa.

Mufananidzo 5 Adjacency graph yezvidzidzo zvenyaya uchishandisa nzira yeFulds uye Robinson.

Mufananidzo 6 Yakavandudzwa marongero mushure mekushandisa girafu dzidziso (Foulds uye Robinsons nzira)

1-Kucheka,2- Kusona, 3- Zadza Calico, 4- Vhara Kumusoro, 5 - Zadza cushion isa, 6- Kucheka Furo, Kutema furo, 7- Frame Assembly, 8- Kunamira,9-ChirimoKumusoro,10-Upholstery,11- Bolt Up.

Mufananidzo 7 Kuyerera * Distance evaluation chati yechidzidzo chenyaya uchishandisa girafu dzidziso (Foulds uye Robinsons nzira)

4.2 Kushandisa CRAFT

Iyo data yekupinza yeCRAFT inoiswa uye mutengo wekutanga weiyo ikozvino marongero ndeye 1st yakaverengerwa. Mutengo uyu unogona kuderedzwa uchishandisa kuenzanisa kwehungwaru sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 8,9.

Mufananidzo 8 Mutengo wekutanga wechimiro chazvino uchishandisa CRAFT

Mufananidzo 9 Nhanho nhanho kuchinjana neCRAFT

Migumisiro yakawanikwa neCRAFT inoratidzwa muTebhu 2. Kubva pakuverenga pamusoro apa urongwa hutsva uye huri nani hunogona kudhirowa hunoratidzwa mumufananidzo 10.

Tafura 2: Tafura inoratidza zvabuda

Mufananidzo 10 Yakavandudzwa marongero anogadzirwa neCRAFT

4.3 Optimum Sequence Algorithm

Iyo data yekupinza yakafanana neye CRAFT kunze kwekuti inotevera seti yakasiyana yehuviri hwekuenzanisa. Tafura 3 inoratidza mibairo yakatorwa kubva kune yakagadziridzwa marongero. Mufananidzo 11 unoratidza marongerwo akavandudzwa uchishandisa Optimum Sequence.

Tafura 3 Tafura inoratidza zvabuda uchishandisa CRAFT